Further Information and Links

Regarding risks of nanomaterials

For further information regarding opportunities of nanotechnology please refer to this page

Governmental reports

• Switzerland, BAG, BAFU, Synthetische Nanomaterialien. Risikobeurteilung und Risikomanagement. Grundlagenbericht zum Aktionsplan. 2007. 284 S. German, with an English summary »»
• UK, DEFRA, A regulatory gaps study for the products and applications of nanotechnologies. 2006. English »»
• USA, Enivornmental, Health and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials. 2006.   »»
• Germany, baua, Leitfaden für Tätigkeiten mit Nanomaterialien am Arbeitsplatz. 2007. German »»
• USA, Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: An Information Exchange with NIOSH. 2006.  »»
• USA, EPA, Nanotechnology White Paper. 2007. English »»

Links

TA-Swiss,  Nano - Nanu?  »»

University of Wisconsin - Madison »»

Selected scientific publications

Risks for human

Uptake and translocation of nanomaterials

• Borm, P. J. A.; Muller-Schulte, D., Nanoparticles in drug delivery and environmental exposure: same size, same risks? Nanomedicine 2006, 1 (2), 235-249.
• Brooking, J.; Davis, S. S.; Illum, L., Transport of nanoparticles across the rat nasal mucosa. J. Drug Target. 2001, 9 (4), 267-279.
• Chithrani, B. D.; Ghazani, A. A.; Chan, W. C. W., Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. Nano Lett. 2006, 6 (4), 662-668.
• Deng, X.; Jia, G.; Wang, H.; Sun, H.; Wang, X.; Yang, S.; Wang, T.; Liu, Y., Translocation and fate of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in vivo. Carbon 2007, 45 (7), 1419-1424.
• Geiser, M.; Rothen-Rutishauser, B.; Kapp, N.; Schurch, S.; Kreyling, W.; Schulz, H.; Semmler, M.; Hof, V. I.; Heyder, J.; Gehr, P., Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113 (11), 1555-1560.
• Kreyling, W. G., Translocation and accumulation of nanoparticles in secondary target organs after uptake by various routes of intake. Toxicol. Lett. 2006, 164, S34-S34.
• Kreyling, W. G.; Semmler-Behnke, M.; Moller, W., Health implications of nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res. 2006, 8 (5), 543-562.
• Limbach, L. K.; Li, Y. C.; Grass, R. N.; Brunner, T. J.; Hintermann, M. A.; Muller, M.; Gunther, D.; Stark, W. J., Oxide nanoparticle uptake in human lung fibroblasts: Effects of particle size, agglomeration, and diffusion at low concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (23), 9370-9376.
• Lobenberg, R.; Araujo, L.; Kreuter, J., Body distribution of azidothymidine bound to nanoparticles after oral administration. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 1997, 44 (2), 127-132.
• Lundberg, P.; Langel, U., Uptake mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides derived from the Alzheimer's disease associated gamma-secretase complex. Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 2006, 12 (2), 105-114.
• Maysinger, D.; Lovric, J.; Eisenberg, A.; Savic, R., Fate of micelles and quantum dots in cells. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2007, 65 (3), 270-281.
  Nemmar, A.; Hoet, P. H. M.; Nemery, B., Translocation of ultrafine particles. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114 (4), A211-A212.
• Nohynek, G. J.; Lademann, J.; Ribaud, C.; Roberts, M. S., Grey goo on the skin? Nanotechnology, cosmetic and sunscreen safety. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2007, 37 (3), 251-277.
• Oberdorster, G.; Sharp, Z.; Atudorei, V.; Elder, A.; Gelein, R.; Kreyling, W.; Cox, C., Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal. Toxicol. 2004, 16 (6-7), 437-445.
• Oberdorster, G.; Sharp, Z.; Atudorei, V.; Elder, A.; Gelein, R.; Lunts, A.; Kreyling, W.; Cox, C., Extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine carbon particles following whole-body inhalation exposure of rats. J. Toxicol. Env. Health Pt A 2002, 65 (20), 1531-1543.
• Petri-Fink, A.; Chastellain, M.; Juillerat-Jeanneret, L.; Ferrari, A.; Hofmann, H., Development of functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for interaction with human cancer cells. Biomaterials 2005, 26 (15), 2685-2694.
• Rothen-Rutishauser, B. M.; Schurch, S.; Haenni, B.; Kapp, N.; Gehr, P., Interaction of fine particles and nanoparticles with red blood cells visualized with advanced microscopic techniques. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (14), 4353-4359.
• Rowland, R. E. S.; Taylor, P. W.; Florence, A. T., Attachment, uptake and transport of nanoparticles coated with an internalin A fragment in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2005, 15 (4), 313-317.
• Shukla, R.; Bansal, V.; Chaudhary, M.; Basu, A.; Bhonde, R. R.; Sastry, M., Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles and their endocytotic fate inside the cellular compartment: A microscopic overview. Langmuir 2005, 21 (23), 10644-10654.
• Thomas, N. W.; Jenkins, P. G.; Howard, K. A.; Smith, M. W.; Lavelle, E. C.; Holland, J.; Davis, S. S., Particle uptake and translocation across epithelial membranes. J. Anat. 1996, 189, 487-490.
• Wang, J. X.; Chen, C. Y.; Sun, J.; Yu, H. W.; Li, Y. F.; Li, B.; Xing, L.; Huang, Y. Y.; He, W.; Gao, Y. X.; Chai, Z. F.; Zhao, Y. L., Translocation of inhaled TiO2 nanoparticles along olfactory nervous system to brain studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. 2005, 29, 76-79.
• Zhang, Y.; Kohler, N.; Zhang, M. Q., Surface modification of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake. Biomaterials 2002, 23 (7), 1553-1561.

Toxicity for human

• Braydich-Stolle, L.; Hussain, S.; Schlager, J. J.; Hofmann, M. C., In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 88 (2), 412-419.
• Brunner, T. J.; Wick, P.; Manser, P.; Spohn, P.; Grass, R. N.; Limbach, L. K.; Bruinink, A.; Stark, W. J., In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: Comparison to asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (14), 4374-4381.
• Chang, J. S.; Chang, K. L. B.; Hwang, D. F.; Kong, Z. L., In vitro cytotoxicitiy of silica nanoparticles at high concentrations strongly depends on the metabolic activity type of the cell line. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (6), 2064-2068.
• Chen, Z.; Meng, H. A.; Xing, G. M.; Chen, C. Y.; Zhao, Y. L.; Jia, G. A.; Wang, T. C.; Yuan, H.; Ye, C.; Zhao, F.; Chai, Z. F.; Zhu, C. F.; Fang, X. H.; Ma, B. C.; Wan, L. J., Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo. Toxicol. Lett. 2006, 163 (2), 109-120.
• Donaldson, K.; Aitken, R.; Tran, L.; Stone, V.; Duffin, R.; Forrest, G.; Alexander, A., Carbon nanotubes: A review of their properties in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 92 (1), 5-22.
• Fiorito, S.; Serafino, A.; Andreola, F.; Togna, A.; Togna, G., Toxicity and biocompatibility of carbon nanoparticies. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2006, 6 (3), 591-599.
• Kirchner, C.; Liedl, T.; Kudera, S.; Pellegrino, T.; Javier, A. M.; Gaub, H. E.; Stolzle, S.; Fertig, N.; Parak, W. J., Cytotoxicity of colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (2), 331-338.
• Limbach, L. K.; Wick, P.; Manser, P.; Grass, R. N.; Bruinink, A.; Stark, W. J., Exposure of engineered nanoparticles to human lung epithelial cells: Influence of chemical composition and catalytic activity on oxidative stress. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (11), 4158-4163.
• Long, T. C.; Saleh, N.; Tilton, R. D.; Lowry, G. V.; Veronesi, B., Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): Implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (14), 4346-4352.
• Maynard, A. D.; Baron, P. A.; Foley, M.; Shvedova, A. A.; Kisin, E. R.; Castranova, V., Exposure to carbon nanotube material: Aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material. J. Toxicol. Env. Health Pt A 2004, 67 (1), 87-107.
• Michalet, X.; Pinaud, F. F.; Bentolila, L. A.; Tsay, J. M.; Doose, S.; Li, J. J.; Sundaresan, G.; Wu, A. M.; Gambhir, S. S.; Weiss, S., Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics. Science 2005, 307 (5709), 538-544.
  Nel, A.; Xia, T.; Madler, L.; Li, N., Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 2006, 311 (5761), 622-627.
• Oberdorster, G.; Oberdorster, E.; Oberdorster, J., Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113 (7), 823-839.
• Tetley, T. D., Health effects of nanomaterials. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2007, 35, 527-531.
• Warheit, D. B.; Borm, P. J. A.; Hennes, C.; Lademann, J., Testing strategies to establish the safety of nanomaterials: Conclusions of an ECETOC workshop. Inhal. Toxicol. 2007, 19 (8), 631-643.
• Warheit, D. B.; Hoke, R. A.; Finlay, C.; Donner, E. M.; Reed, K. L.; Sayes, C. M., Development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine TiO2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. Toxicol. Lett. 2007, 171 (3), 99-110.
  Warheit, D. B.; Laurence, B. R.; Reed, K. L.; Roach, D. H.; Reynolds, G. A. M.; Webb, T. R., Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 77 (1), 117-125.
• Wick, P.; Manser, P.; Limbach, L. K.; Dettlaff-Weglikowska, U.; Krumeich, F.; Roth, S.; Stark, W. J.; Bruinink, A., The degree and kind of agglomeration affect carbon nanotube cytotoxicity. Toxicol. Lett. 2007, 168 (2), 121-131.
• Worle-Knirsch, J. M.; Pulskamp, K.; Krug, H. F., Oops they did it again! Carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays. Nano Lett. 2006, 6 (6), 1261-1268.
  

Risks for the environment

Sources and behavior of nanomaterials in the environment

• Brant, J.; Lecoanet, H.; Wiesner, M. R., Aggregation and deposition characteristics of fullerene nanoparticles in aqueous systems. J. Nanopart. Res. 2005, 7 (4-5), 545-553.
• Bundschuh, T.; Wagner, T.; Eberhagen, I.; Hambsch, B.; Koster, R., Detection of biocolloids in aquatic media by Nano-Particle Analyzer. Spectr.-Int. J. 2005, 19 (1), 69-78.
• Diallo, M. S.; Glinka, C. J.; Goddard, W. A.; Johnson, J. H., Characterization of nanoparticles and colloids in aquatic systems 1. Small angle neutron scattering investigations of Suwannee River fulvic acid aggregates in aqueous solutions. J. Nanopart. Res. 2005, 7 (4-5), 435-448.
• Lead, J. R.; Muirhead, D.; Gibson, C. T., Characterization of freshwater natural aquatic colloids by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (18), 6930-6936.
• Lead, J. R.; Wilkinson, K. J., Aquatic colloids and nanoparticles: Current knowledge and future trends. Environ. Chem. 2006, 3 (3), 159-171.
  Lin, Y.; Allard, L. F.; Sun, Y. P., Protein-affinity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in water. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108 (12), 3760-3764.
• Moore, M. N., Do nanoparticles present ecotoxicological risks for the health of the aquatic environment? Environ. Int. 2006, 32 (8), 967-976.
• Reijnders, L., Cleaner nanotechnology and hazard reduction of manufactured nanoparticles. J. Clean Prod. 2006, 14 (2), 124-133.
• Rezwan, K.; Studart, A. R.; Voros, J.; Gauckler, L. J., Change of xi potential of biocompatible colloidal oxide particles upon adsorption of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109 (30), 14469-14474.
• Teeguarden, J. G.; Hinderliter, P. M.; Orr, G.; Thrall, B. D.; Pounds, J. G., Particokinetics in vitro: Dosimetry considerations for in vitro nanoparticle toxicity assessments. Toxicol. Sci. 2007, 95 (2), 300-312.
• Wagner, T.; Bundschuh, T.; Schick, R.; Koster, R., Detection of aquatic colloids in drinking water during its distribution via a water pipeline network. Water Sci. Technol. 2004, 50 (12), 27-37.
• Wiesner, M. R., Responsible development of nanotechnologies for water and wastewater treatment. Water Sci. Technol. 2006, 53 (3), 45-51.
• Wiesner, M. R.; Lowry, G. V.; Alvarez, P.; Dionysiou, D.; Biswas, P., Assessing the risks of manufactured nanomaterials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (14), 4336-4345.
• Wu, H.; Lattuada, M.; Sandkuhler, P.; Sefcik, J.; Morbidelli, M., Role of sedimentation and buoyancy on the kinetics of diffusion limited colloidal aggregation. Langmuir 2003, 19 (26), 10710-10718.
  
  

Eco-toxicity

• Adams, L. K.; Lyon, D. Y.; Alvarez, P. J. J., Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspensions. Water Res. 2006, 40 (19), 3527-3532.
• Cheng, J. P.; Flahaut, E.; Cheng, S. H., Effect of carbon nanotubes on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2007, 26 (4), 708-716.
• Hund-Rinke, K.; Simon, M., Ecotoxic effect of photocatalytic active nanoparticles TiO2 on algae and daphnids. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2006, 13 (4), 225-232.
• Lovern, S. B.; Klaper, R., Daphnia magna mortality when exposed to titanium dioxide and fullerene (C-60) nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25 (4), 1132-1137.
• Lovern, S. B.; Strickler, J. R.; Klaper, R., Behavioral and physiological changes in Daphnia magna when exposed to nanoparticle suspensions (titanium dioxide, nano-C-60, and C(60)HxC(70)Hx). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (12), 4465-4470.
• Oberdorster, E., Manufactured nanomaterials (Fullerenes, C-60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112 (10), 1058-1062.
• Oberdorster, E.; Zhu, S. Q.; Blickley, T. M.; McClellan-Green, P.; Haasch, M. L., Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: Effects of fullerene (C-60) on aquatic organisms. Carbon 2006, 44 (6), 1112-1120.
• Roberts, A. P.; Mount, A. S.; Seda, B.; Souther, J.; Qiao, R.; Lin, S. J.; Ke, P. C.; Rao, A. M.; Klaine, S. J., In vivo biomodification of lipid-coated carbon nanotubes by Daphnia magna. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (8), 3025-3029.
• Smith, C. J.; Shaw, B. J.; Handy, R. D., Toxicity of single walled carbon nanotubes to rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Respiratory toxicity, organ pathologies, and other physiological effects. Aquat. Toxicol. 2007, 82 (2), 94-109.
• Thill, A.; Zeyons, O.; Spalla, O.; Chauvat, F.; Rose, J.; Auffan, M.; Flank, A. M., Cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles for Escherichia coli. Physico-chemical insight of the cytotoxicity mechanism. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (19), 6151-6156.
• Zhu, S. Q.; Oberdorster, E.; Haasch, M. L., Toxicity of an engineered nanoparticle (fullerene, C-60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow. Mar. Environ. Res. 2006, 62, S5-S9.